The Gulf Stream keeps coasts warm
Satellite image of the Gulf Stream (NOAA)
How does the Gulf Stream make areas of Europe – such as the cold west coasts of Ireland and Scotland – far more temperate than other areas at the same latitude?
The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico. High temperatures around the equator heat the water, and Earth’s rotation forces this warm water to move. It first flows north along the North American continent, then turns east across the Atlantic. As it approaches Europe, the Gulf Stream turns into what’s called the North Atlantic Drift current.
From approximately 30 to 60 degrees North latitude – an area that includes most of North America, Europe, and much of Asia, Earth’s prevailing winds blow from west to east. So the west coasts of Ireland and Scotland stay warmer as the winds move across the water and onto land. The reverse can also be true. The Pacific Ocean’s California current is cold, and the prevailing winds blow onshore – so the immediate coastline of California stays cool.
Our thanks to:
Betsey Forrest
National Hazard Center
Denver, CO
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